The Globalization Paradox By Dani Rodrik - 1464 Words

In The Globalization Paradox, Dani Rodrik articulates a reasoned, cohesive argument which calls for the temperament of unbridled, dogmatic globalization as advocated by the current international status quo. The essence of the paradox Rodrik describes is that globalization does indeed offer the opportunity to induce significant growth, but only when the process is done in a manner which takes into account the economic complexities of any specific country. As a clear advocate for the benefits of global trade, he is not by any means promoting a full return to the era of protectionism, but instead calls for a limited inclusion of moderately protectionist policies into sectors of the modern global economy where they may serve the ultimate goal of development. Overall, he believes that hyperglobalization as a whole is a futile goal to achieve, and is pragmatically undesirable anyway. Rodrik describes an impossible trilemma of the global economy, torn between hyperglobalization, the nation- state and democratic politics. Rodrik prefers the sacrifice of hyperglobalization rather than that of the other two, placing particular emphasis on national soverignty.1 He desires to retain the nation-state as an important institution in economic affairs on the basis that too much diversity exists globally, and it is essentially impossible to reconcile different values. The overly homogenizing effect of the WTO, and its assumption of powers traditionally afforded to the state apparatus haveShow MoreRelatedThe Application of Bourdieus Theory to Neoliberal Principles and Practices820 Words   |  3 Pagesdominant fractions are neoliberal conservative think tanks planted in the western modern world organizations for policy making such as IMF, WTO and the World Bank. They impose neoliberal beliefs and practices upon developing nations in the name of globalization. These organizations and developing countries have a political relationship that is acknowledged by both parties, which is the basis that allows symbolic violence to take place. Their policies would be considered capital in this political fieldRead MoreFacets And Trends Of International Economic Cooperation1889 Words   |  8 Pageshuge, frustrating attempts to narrow in on and accurately study a select topic. One commonly observed trend is that of economic globalization, the phenomenon wherein countries’ economic situations, bolstered by increased international economic cooperation, can become significantly dependent on other countries. Despite its seemingly inexorable nature, however, globalization - and international economic cooperation in general - is not a fixed variable in international affairs, nor has it ever been. ManyRead MoreThe Asian Financial Crisis Of 19972364 Words   |  10 Pagesworks of Charles Kindleberger, Krippner, and Dani Rodrik are analyzed and compared. While the crisis has many components that ultimately suggest that conjoined multiple factors are potentially to blame , these authors suggest that specific instances are the main culprit. In essence, Kindleberger states that investor and lender speculation deemed the crisis inevitable, Krippner condemns government policies, while Rodrik suggests that hyper-globalization is to blame. In order to analyze the causesRead MoreCorporate Responsibility And Globalization Of Foreign Trade2525 Words   |  11 PagesINST 4000 Thesis Ximena de la Camara Campuzano Corporate Responsibility and Globalization Liberalization of foreign trade: Some of the biggest issue s in today’s economy is the push for liberalization of foreign trade in developing countries. By compelling nations to modify and ease their trading systems so it can be free from regulations while promoting free trade, only weakens their authority. Trade liberalization needs the reduction of governmental restrictions and intervention so the trade

Happiness. Perhaps The First Emotion We Learned About When

Happiness. Perhaps the first emotion we learned about when we were young, the supposed root and purpose in life of everyone. As an immeasurable, and unprofitable emotion, above all else, it is what most of us attempt to acquire. Many affirm that they are in the pursuit of happiness, yet it s what we all seek. Happiness has become one of those inexplicable topics that everyone wants to debate freely, experience, perceive, and deeply feel. Masses have become famished about this sentiment, claiming to be everlastingly searching for it. Yet, it s hard to grasp. Or perhaps the uncertainty of whether or not we are actually caressing the emotion or if we are pretending to be is what consumes us. True happiness does not deserve to have a†¦show more content†¦Happiness is acquired through countless stimuli that consist of diverse practices. Probabilities demonstrate that what makes me truly happy may be quite distinct from what makes another individual happy. For instance, in my opin ion, the achievement of life goals reaches absolute happiness; enduring a sense of purpose in life and enacting dreams can. Without a purpose in life, people navigate their boats without a compass or guide, they are disoriented in the middle of the ocean without instructions to shore, which represents stability. Once the shore is reached, obtaining and taking the advantages of the gold treasure box is conceived as the grand prize, happiness. Along with a sense of purpose in life, people often have a feeling of satisfaction attached to it; they sense that they were situated in this precise planet for a single reason, and the reason varies from individual to individual. I find true happiness in little things that shape our everyday lives. Adding humor to the potion or dose of life can make living more pleasant. Comedians, in comparison to any other profession, life the longest because of the laughter because it spices up life. People can gain true happiness if they have something to s trive for and something to laugh about. For instance— as hard as it sounds—food is my comfort. A sumptuous meal may provoke delight for a while, but it does not lead to deep happiness. Unexpected things contribute to the ‘trueShow MoreRelatedRape Culture And Violence Against Women Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesPorter as the â€Å"man box† (Porter). I have personally seen and experienced these expectations, and I know that from a young age, males must take back parts of their humanity that are located outside the confines of the box of masculinity; in doing so, we will better understand their personal identities and better fight against the current issues of rape culture and violence against women. It is human to form bonds and friendships, but from a young age, boys and girls disassociate from one anotherRead MoreThe Metamorphosis of Ebenezer Scrooge in Dickens A Christmas Carol1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe Metamorphosis of Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol Ebenezer Scrooge learned a great deal about himself during the visitations of the three ghosts in A Christmas Carol. He learned things that not only changed his life, but also the lives of others such as Tiny Tim and his family. At first these changes came gradually, probably because they where not really fuelled by fear of what might be, but instead by remorse for things he had already done. Not until the second and third spirits visitRead MoreWhy I Agree With Seneca s Reasoning And How It Has Helped Me1554 Words   |  7 Pagesagree with Seneca’s reasoning and how it has helped me. 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I interpret the sudden change of subject from the first to second paragraph as a simile that the new topic of ‘jen science’ will, too, alter the world in a way that will disable our abilityRead MoreWhat You Are Looking For Life Skills Essay785 Words   |  4 Pagesare valuable life skills. So to be clear, we are specifically speaking of essential life skills, which are subjective in nature according to each individual person and the direction in life they take. To complicate matters, different life skills will have varying significance throughout differing stages in life, for example: When in school you ll need good study skills. When obtaining your first job you’ll need communication skills. 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While other classes seem to be on the downward slopeRead Morethe farewell party741 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ESSAY- The Farewell Party Brainstorm: Paragraph 1- Who is leaving, and why, and when the farewell party is Paragraph 2- Planning the farewell party Paragraph 3- What happened during the party ( 5 senses, descriptive ) Paragraph 4- the reaction of the people there Read MoreThe Eightfold Path, World Religions, Buddha, with Works Cited1085 Words   |  5 PagesMore than steps the â€Å"Eightfold Path†are elements. They are not to be followed in to it. Not only does following the Path lead one to â€Å"Nirvana†, but during life it releases one from The Noble â€Å"Eightfold Path†is divided into three groups. The first group, â€Å"The Moral Discipline Group†, is made up of three steps, â€Å"Right Speech†, â€Å"Right Conduct†, and â€Å"Right Concentration Group† it contains, â€Å"Right Effort†, â€Å"Right Mindfulness†, and â€Å"Right Concentration†. 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Dr. Siegel makes sure to present his findings that the term ‘mind’ is rarely defined. No one ever wants to talk about what is mind, and everybody wants to describe the mind with a concept comfortable to them, lacking in accuracy and sticking

Organizational Relationship And Performance -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Organizational Relationship And Performance? Answer: Introducation This essay will determine the role of organisational behaviour (OB) theories in modern corporations and analyse how leaders use these theories to increase employees productivity. In recent years, corporations are facing fierce competition, and they have to implement strategic business policies to gain a competitive advantage over others. The significance of organisational behaviour theories has grown substantially among modern companies since it provides a competitive advantage to firms (Umphress, Bingham and Mitchell, 2010). Organisations implement these policies to address various issues relating to businesses in order to improve the efficiency of their operations. Organisational behaviour theories play a crucial role in establishing a positive working environment which encourages employees to improve their productive performance. This essay will identify various issues in corporations and how leaders can use OB theories to address such problems. Successful leaders and managers use OB theories while performing various business activities which increase companys performance as well as profitability. This essay will discuss how leaders can implement OB theories while performing business practices such as motivating employees, designing jobs, setting goals and others. The essay will discuss the significance of OB theories in modern corporations and provide recommendations for leaders to implement these theories across different processes in a firm which positively influence employees productive performance. Previously, employees were not given importance in a company and leaders did not focus on their requirements or demands while developing business strategies. But, in recent years, the demand for specialised and talented workers has grown substantially, and management focuses on fulfilling their demands. Employees are considered as key asset in companies since productive employees provide a competitive advantage to firms. Highly productive employees are crucial to business success, and leaders implement various strategies to increase their productivity. Organisational behaviour theories assist leaders in effectively managing workplace environment which results in increasing employees productivity (Colquitt et al., 2011). Leaders have to consider various behavioural factors while determining OB theories which assist in establishing a positive working environment. Organisational behaviour studies various activities in a company related to employees and group performance. It assists lead ers in gaining a better understanding of the organisational environment which is necessary to establish effective strategies. There are various benefits of effective OB strategy such as establishment of positive culture, workers skill development, understanding customers behaviour and gaining insight, establishing employee motivation policies, faster decision-making process and others (Walumbwa, Hartnell and Oke, 2010). Leaders have to carefully perform various strategies to get a better understanding of employees attitude and behaviour. By understating employees behaviour, managers can get the best out of employees and increase their productive performance. Establishing positive working environment is one of the primary requirements in modern corporations because they face the issue of high employee retention. Many industries such as technology, software, manufacturing and retailing find it difficult to retain employees for a longer period of time. Due to the high rate of retention, organisation faces various challenges such as high recruitment cost, lack of experienced employees, and negative working environment (Chiang and Hsieh, 2012). Leaders focus on establishing positive working environment throughout the different process to increase employee retention rate and increasing job satisfaction rate. Leaders establish OB theories for communication to improve the working condition of a workplace and implement it throughout different division. Stanley Deetz provided Critical theory of Communication which focus on balancing human and corporate interest. He considered the company as an economic and political institution in which communicat ion plays a crucial part (Deetz, 2012). Communication in this theory focus on resolving conflicts between employees, prevent problems in groups, provide guidance and encourage employees to work towards a single goal. Effective communication can be used to diagnose distorted decision-making process which results in increasing employees productivity and companys performance. Leaders can implement it upon processes across the company by establishing various communication channels which assist employees in sharing their quarries and feedback with top-level management (Myers and Sadaghiani, 2010). Designing organisational jobs based on employees skills and company requirement can improve employees productivity along with corporations profitability. Job design referred to the process of hiring qualified employees for right jobs and providing them a responsibility which challenges them and engages them in their work which results in increasing their job satisfaction. During job design process, managers use job enlargement, rotation, enrichment and simplification techniques to assign right candidate at right post (Shantz et al., 2013). It is difficult for managers to design jobs based on employees qualification and companys requirement which increase job dissatisfaction among employees and result in decreasing companys performance. Leaders can use Fundamental attribution error theory while designing organisational jobs. The theory focuses on focus on employees personality and analyse their actions while overlooking different external factors such as contextual influences and soci al aspects (Dieser, 2011). There are several issues which negatively affects employees performance such as learning problems, not coping with work, motivation issues, lack of communication, and personality problems. Leaders can implement this theory in recruitment and selection process to ensure that qualified candidates are selected whose behaviour is suitable for the company. Managers can implement this strategy across different process by designing jobs based on task requirements and assigning them to qualified employees. In recent years, corporations focus on increasing their employees productivity by motivating them to increase their performance. Leaders focus on analysing and learning about employees behaviour since it results in implementing OB theories that encourage employees productive performance. OB theories allow managers to analyse their employees requirement which assists in motivating them (Pinder, 2014). Traditional theories of employee motivations included carrot and stick approach, reward theory, and fear and punishment theory. Modern motivation theories include Herzberg hygiene theory, McGregor Theory X, and Y, Maslow Hierarchy of needs theory and many others. Modern organisations face issue relating to employees such as high retention, worker absenteeism, job dissatisfaction and others. OB theories assist them in addressing these issues by motivating employees to perform better. Douglas McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y in the 1960s, and it provides two completely different vi ews on employee motivation (Kopelman, Prottas and Falk, 2010). Theory X provides that employees are lazy and avoid work, and managers require to closely monitoring and supervising them. In this theory, employees are not ambitious about incentive program and avoid organisational responsibilities wherever they can. This theory provides that managers should adopt a natural leadership approach which effectively controls employee performance by threatening and punishing them. Theory Y, on the other hand, provides that employees are self-motivated and ambitious towards their job, and they accept greater organisational responsibilities (Sahin, 2012). Management believes that employees like their job, and they have a desire to be creative in the workplace and given the right conditions, workers will prefer to increase their productive performance. This theory provides that job satisfaction itself is motivation which increases employees productive performance. The co-founder and former CEO of Apple Incorporation, Steve Jobs, used Theory X and Y approach to motivate employees in order to create innovative products (Kannan-Narasimhan, 2015). To implement this theory across different processes, leaders have to analyse employees behaviour in order to ensure that they belong to Theory Y category and implement positive working conditions to increase their job satisfaction which results in increasing their productive performance. According to the study conducted by Turkay (2014), setting small goals can assist people in increasing their performance and achieve desired targets. Therefore, most of the modern corporations implement small goals for their employees to increase their productive performance. The Goal-Setting theory is significantly popular among managers that provided policies for setting effective goals. The goals have to be clear and challenging at the same time; the commitment of employees along with managers is needed. The managers have to collect feedback from employees continuously, and they should analyse task complexity to ensure it is not too difficult for workers (Munson and Consolvo, 2012). Managers can implement this theory throughout different process to increase job satisfaction and enhancing employees productive performance. In conclusion, managers use organisational behaviour theories while performing various business functions such as goal setting, motivation, job designing and others in order to increase employees productive performance. Productive employees provided a competitive advantage to companies which assist in increasing their profitability. Various organisational behaviour theories assist managers in establishing a positive working environment which increases job satisfaction and motivates employees to perform better such as Goal-setting theory, Theory X and Y, Critical theory of communication, Fundamental attribution error and many others. These OB theories assist managers in analysing employees behaviour and attitude to establish a working environment which is suitable for their requirements that result in increasing their productive performance. Following are various recommendations that assist managers in effectively implementing OB theories across different process. The managers should implement OB theories while performing human resource functions such as recruitment, selection, training, and others to ensure that qualified employees are selected who are suitable for companys working environment. Managers should also implement theories in different processes since different incentive schemes motivate different employees. For example, low-level employees prefer monitory incentives whereas top-level employees motivate by non-monetary rewards. Effective OB theory can increase employees productive performance which sustains future growth of companies. References Chiang, C.F. and Hsieh, T.S. (2012) The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior.International journal of hospitality management,31(1), pp.180-190. Colquitt, J., Lepine, J.A., Wesson, M.J. and Gellatly, I.R. (2011)Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace. Pennsylvania, US: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Deetz, S.A. (2012)Communication Yearbook 17(No. 17). Abingdon: Routledge. Dieser, R.B. (2011) A follow-up investigation of the fundamental attribution error in leisure education research.Therapeutic Recreation Journal,45(3), p.190. Kannan-Narasimhan, P. (2015) Creating a culture for innovation: Theory X or Theory Y?. [Online] LinkedIn. Available at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/creating-culture-innovation-theory-x-y-priya-kannan-narasimhan [Accessed 19th January 2018]. Kopelman, R.E., Prottas, D.J. and Falk, D.W. (2010) Construct validation of a Theory X/Y behavior scale.Leadership Organization Development Journal,31(2), pp.120-135. Munson, S.A. and Consolvo, S. (2012) Exploring goal-setting, rewards, self-monitoring, and sharing to motivate physical activity. InPervasive computing technologies for healthcare (PervasiveHealth), 2012 6th international conference on(pp. 25-32). IEEE. Myers, K.K. and Sadaghiani, K. (2010) Millennials in the workplace: A communication perspective on millennials organizational relationships and performance.Journal of Business and Psychology,25(2), pp.225-238. Pinder, C.C. (2014)Work motivation in organizational behavior. Hove, UK: Psychology Press. ?ahin, F. (2012) The mediating effect of leadermember exchange on the relationship between Theory X and Y management styles and affective commitment: A multilevel analysis.Journal of Management Organization,18(2), pp.159-174. Shantz, A., Alfes, K., Truss, C. and Soane, E. (2013) The role of employee engagement in the relationship between job design and task performance, citizenship and deviant behaviours.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(13), pp.2608-2627. Turkay, S. (2014) Setting Goals: Who, Why, How?. [Online] Harvard University. Available at https://hilt.harvard.edu/files/hilt/files/settinggoals.pdf [Accessed 19th January 2018]. Umphress, E.E., Bingham, J.B. and Mitchell, M.S. (2010) Unethical behavior in the name of the company: the moderating effect of organizational identification and positive reciprocity beliefs on unethical pro-organizational behavior.Journal of Applied Psychology,95(4), p.769. Walumbwa, F.O., Hartnell, C.A. and Oke, A. (2010) Servant leadership, procedural justice climate, service climate, employee attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior: a cross-level investigation.Journal of Applied Psychology,95(3), p.517.

Bio Ecological Theory Of Human Development Case Study Free Sample

Question: Explain each of the four components of PPCT model. You can write a paragraph on each component. Illustrate discussion with examples. Propose strategies with the aim of promoting resilience. Answer Introduction Emotional attributes and psychological concern are two phenomenal traits of human being, because of which they are known as social creature. The interaction within the community structure, thereby plays crucial role in supplementing learning, adoption and realization with respect to all aspects of life. Likewise, the learning process in human being are conferred with respect to the exposure, experience and emotion across the time-period. Consider a simple example of cultural diversity in terms of lifestyle and health aspects. Two families are considered in this hypothetical case, among which both of the families are settled in United States from last 20 years. One family have native origin from Bangladesh and another have native origin of Costa Rica. Based on the cultural, ethical, spiritual and language difference, it is easy to assume that the food habits, the timing of all related routine work, interaction among the family members, copying with the environment, friend circle, comf ort zone and other aspects of life will be different. Based on these differences, it is common to assume that the prospect of health management, health restoration and health maintenance is different for both the families. These traits and the contrasting features among both the family members, is a reflection of the learning since early childhood period, which was translational from persons of family, social interaction and apparent learning with time. in scientific term, this relative trend of human development and learning is referred to as Bio-ecological Theory of Human Development. The said theory was put forward by Bronfenbrenner, which explains the proximal process of learning and development based on the empirical activity and characteristics of family and relationship. Scope of the present report As discussed in the above section, a glimpse of the pattern of learning and development in human being is reflected. Considering the same theme, the scope of present report is based on the illustration of Bio-ecological Theory of Human Development, where the PPCT model will be discussed with relevant support. Furthermore, with the help of applicable evidence the pattern, which has the potential to influence the outcomes of child and youth was discussed in this report. Such evidences are important as because they can put forward the example of facts and experiences in early childhood settings that are crucial for the deciding and governing of health and wellbeing of the state. It is noteworthy to mention that the importance of such research lies in context with the elucidation of the information and application of the same in terms of building strategies that are suitable for the promotion of resilience factor in all major and minor activity, perception and consequences of human life. Four components of P-P-C-T model Bio-ecological Theory of Human Development is based on the P-P-C-T model, Process-Person-Context-Time. Notably, the wholesome process of development depends on the interlinking concept of these four notation. Process This concept plays a crucial role in the learning, where it is related to various courses and procedures. The example can be taken from the study of Swick et al, based on the activities in early childhood settings (Swick Williams, 2011, p.371). Playing, group activity, reading aloud for the class, learning new skills, identification of objects and solitary play can be considered within the scope of this concept. It would not be inappropriate to state that process plays a role of engine, where individuals are engages in their activities and interaction, thereby they can identify their world and makes them fit into their understanding. Person The said concept is related to biological and genetic aspects of individual. For every individual, some of the characteristics and habits are put forward with the help of genetic constitution, whereas the others imbibed with respect to the interaction phenomenon. To be more specific, these aspects can be termed as (i) demand, (ii) resource and (iii) force, which motivates and enforces to learn. Consider a simple example from the work of Holt et al, where it was demonstrated that the motivation and support by the parents are crucial in children for bringing the competitive spirit (Holt, 2008, p.663). Such motivation not only ensures the facilitation of resources, but also provides the psychological urge to move forward, adopt more skills and to represent with active brain capacity. Context Context is referred to the environment where the individual use to invest a good time of engagement in conjunction to activities and relationship. The example of context are, home, school or peer groups. In other words, this context can also be referred to as macro-system, since the individual invest a substantial amount of time duration in this environment. Other than this there are some micro-system also which are not lengthy in terms of time, but have crucial impact over the learning and development, such as friend circle, events and relatives. More relevant example for the same can be obtained from review of Swick, in this it was detailed how to provide the micro- and macro system for the children, who are homeless or have high risk parents and families (Swick, 2008, p.149). Since there is a continuous engagement of interaction and learning, thus context plays a crucial umbrella-like effect over the development. Time The final element of the model is time, which plays a crucial role in the whole scenario. Time can be correlated with learning and incidences, which helps in recognizing, identifying and applying logic with respect to any outcome. According to the work of Mntyl et al, the time phase of individual is crucial for learning. This is evidenced as language learning, adaptation is more rapid, and rigorous in small child of 3-4 years old compared to a youth of 20 years old. The impact on cognition and memories at early stage is more rigid, and hence the erudition of any particular trait is likely intensified. Illustration of the examples Learning is an integral part of human life. The reflection of a good learning for any habit can be obtained with the concurrent state of mind and corresponding activities. A person developed in a family where gender biasness is always prevailed in daily routine life, will have a similar perception for men and women throughout life. The reason being the occupancy of the thoughts, thinking and perception, which has been imbibed since the early childhood learning. The learning is thus based on the process, where child is watching related behavior (gender biasness) within in the context of person to person interaction. With the progress of time, the learning and the impact of these experiences will be absorbed in the thought and believe. It is hence the same output in the later stage of life is obvious to observe. Notably the context in this scenario also plays a role in identifying the individuals self-role. The psychological believe thus will correlate the same assumptions with respect to relationships, emotional attributes, mental status, physical identification, desire and derivations. Considering another example, where a child born and bought up in Korea, will have more fluency in Korean language compared to any other language (Kim, 2011, p.316). The P-P-C-T model is applicable in terms of the hearing and identification of the phonetics and associated phonology. Thus, the particular frequency of the combination of words can be thus perceived and understood by the child, which aids in learning of a particular language. The environment cum context plays important role as because most probably all the members in the family and locality will be speaking in same language. Next to the learning, the time factor is also important, which is linked with the growth and increase in brain perception of the individual. It is hence, with time and experience; the individual will be adapted with respect to appropriate usage of the words and phonology. Strength during childhood that influence health and wellbeing The learning from the childhood settings have a rigid framework on the routine life style and interaction with the other members in the community. The same is also responsible for the outlook, behavior, emotional state in the community. According to World Health Organization (WHO) the exact definition of healthy state is mere not just the absence of any disease or disorder, but is a good and positive state of physical, mental and social wellbeing. The learning and perception imbibed in any individual is referred to other words as the cultural, ethnical and other diverse factors. These factors are important as they are linked with the personal belief and psychology of the individual. Since the heritage and culture of people differ with respect to the each other, it is hence the source and the root of health issues are different among the individuals. The strength and weekness of the childhood learning can be made explained with the help of a hypothetical condition. In this condition, there are three children from diverse culture and background, (i) One from India, (ii) another from Guyana, and last form (iii) Puerto Rico (Moran, 2014, p.435). In Indian family, the cultural and custom belief of the family is not rigid for the adaptation of modern system of treatment and medicines regarding health restoration. For the health restoration, the family uses traditional medicine system, such as Ayurveda, unani, siddha, acupuncture, hemoeopathy and naturopathy along with traditional western medicines. In Guyana, the occurrence and prevalence of infection such as HIV/AIDS, TB, filariasis and sexually transmitted diseases are higher among the native population. Majority of the population have home in the coastal range and hence the rate of occurrence of tropical infectious diseases are higher. Owing to the higher rate of illiteracy, the routine health checkups are also not being followed in such family. The family members can be found to be poor in terms of hygienic condi tion and maintaining cleanliness, which might affect their health. For the last family of Puerto Rico, the people are mostly affected with tropical diseases and parasitic infection, which leads to high mortality rate and lower life expectancy rate. The individual members of these families are not conscious about health maintenance approach, but are careful regarding any concerned diseases or disorder. Use of protection such as condom and contraceptive pills is not preferred in these families, which confers that sexual health protection is not appropriate. Strategies where P-P-C-T model provide resilience for Australian children and youth With the help of above illustrations, it can be understood that the early childhood learning and development paves important part is the life prospects. Applying the P-P-C-T model in appropriate manner have the opportunity to overcome the ill and negative effects over the community. Illustration of these strategies are (Macklem, 2014, p.1; Lewton, 2012, p.689): Setting the development and building centers for early childhood learning These include the center, which can act as context for the early childhood and can deliever good information related to social interaction, communication skills, and hygiene management. Framing public policy Inclusion of essential modules in the public policy will help in providing effective guidelines for the benefit and wellbeing of society. Training and education This is related to the educators of early childhood settings, school, college and health care settings, which will help in providing effective output for the services of community, which are in need. Conference and socialization These events will be helpful for delivering effective knowledge to youth, related to sex education, addiction, violence and prosperity. Education and learning center for parents and elderly people This is important as because parents and elder member of the society are effective for the development of initial learning and morale development of young individuals. More importantly, this will also include the concept of effective parenting and counseling. Establishment of health care settings This is important for the maintenance of health care standards and healthy prospect of the society. Focusing on the infrastructure such as hospital beds, instrument and competencies of health care professionals are the main concern in this regard. Notably, the healthy state can help in maintaining wellbeing of the society. Amendment in the ethical and legislative drawbacks The necessary changes in the ethical and legislative framework for local and national settings are important to be amended with time. This is helpful for the development and cooperative functioning of individual rights of the society. With the state of good being, the future generation will also be learning good things. References HOLT, N. L., TAMMINEN, K. A., BLACK, D. E., SEHN, Z. L., WALL, M. P. (2008). Parental involvement in competitive youth sport settings. Psychology of sport and exercise, 9(5), p.663-685. KIM, M., STOEL-GAMMON, C. (2011). Phonological development of word-initial Korean obstruents in young Korean children. Journal of child language, 38(02), p.316-340. Lewton, A. R., Nievar, M. A. (2012). Strengthening Families Through Volunteerism: Integrating Family Volunteerism and Family Life Education. Marriage Family Review, 48(7), p.689-710. MACKLEM, G. L. (2014). Providing Preventive Services in Schools. In Preventive Mental Health at School (p. 1-18). Springer New York. MNTYL, T., MISSIER, F. D., NILSSON, L. G. (2009). Age differences in multiple outcome measures of time-based prospective memory. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 16(6), p.708-720. MORAN, R. T., ABRAMSON, N. R., MORAN, S. V. (2014). Managing cultural differences. Routledge. p. 435-450 SWICK, K. J. (2008). Empowering the parentchild relationship in homeless and other high-risk parents and families. Early Childhood Education Journal, 36(2), p.149-153. SWICK, K. J., WILLIAMS, R. D. (2006). An analysis of Bronfenbrenners bio-ecological perspective for early childhood educators: Implications for working with families experiencing stress. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(5), p.371-378.

American Music and Culture Jazz Dance free essay sample

Jazz Dance Jazz dance, is defined as any dance to jazz accompaniments, composed of a profusion of forms. Jazz dance paralleled the birth and spread of Jazz itself from roots in black American society and was popularized in ballrooms by the big bands of the swing era (1 sass and ass). It radically altered the style of American and European stage and social dance in the 20th century. The term is sometimes used more narrowly to describe popular stage dance (except tap dance) and Jazz-derived or Jazz-influenced forms of modern dance.It excludes social dances lacking Jazz accompaniment he rumba and other Latin-American dances. The original steps were exemplified out In the plantations, and Jazz dance itself came about as a crossbreed of American culture, European Gigs and the music and movement were tradition of the African slaves. Jazz music obviously inspired some of the first documented Jazz dance choreography, and this further adds to the rich and diverse history of Jazz dance. We will write a custom essay sample on American Music and Culture : Jazz Dance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Europe lent elegance to the technique; Africa gave it Its movement and rhythm, and America allowed it to have the exposure and growing popularity that has sustained it as a cherished dance style today. Jazz dance developed from both 19th- and 20th- century stage dance and traditional black social dances and their white ballroom offshoots. On the stage, minstrel show performers In the 19th century developed tap dancing from a combination of Irish jigging, English clog dancing, and African rhythmic stamping.Tap dance and such social dances as the cakewalk and shuffle became popular vaudeville acts and appeared in Broadway revues and musical comedies as these replaced vaudeville early In the 20th century. In addition, comedy, specialty, and character dances to Jazz rhythms became standard stage routines. By the sass elements of Jazz dance had appeared in modern dance and in motion picture choreography. The History of Jazz Dance During the early sasss we find more and more blacks performing outside of the narrow stereotype of the minstrel show. Again the traveling shows spread the music and dance culture of black people far and wide.In addition to the spreading of culture, there was another important aspect to the events taking place: it was the beginning of the musical theatre. The black musical revue offered comedians, singers and dancers an opportunity to perform without making fun of their race. Out of such performances, one became aware of new dance developments: cakewalks, grinds, comedy dance, etc. Another important factor in this discussion on the historical development of modern jazz dance is always the constant dance involvement and development in the everyday lives of black people.Dance has always been a part of the expression of black people in church, at social gatherings, etc. Probably the social or vernacular dance, as Stearns calls it, is more important than any one particular form that evolved out of it. So as the dance of the musical revue evolved, it was erectly associated with and tied to the everyday dance of the people. Prior to 1900 there were such black shows as The South Before the War, The Creole Show, Oriental America, etc. Many of the dance movements associated with jazz dance can be traced across the Atlantic.Once in the new country, the African slaves continued to use dance as a means of self-expression and an emotional outlet, despite being forbidden to dance by their owners. Until the mid sass, the term Jazz dance often referred to tap dance, because tap dancing (set to Jazz music) was the main performance dance of the era. During the later Jazz age, popular forms of Jazz dance were the Cakewalk, Black Bottom, Charleston, Jitterbug, Boogie Woozier, Swing dancing and the related Lindy Hop. Although the stage popularized certain social dances, many others were transmitted mainly in social gatherings. The dances that gave rise to social forms of Jazz dance developed from rural slave dances. In both early dances and 20th-century Jazz dances, there is a noticeable continuity of dance elements and motions. The eagle rock and the slow drag (late 19th century) as well as the Charleston and the Jitterbug have elements in common with certain Caribbean ND African dances.In addition, the slow drag contributed to the fish of the sass; the ring shout, which survived from the 18th into the 20th century. After the sass, pioneers such as Katherine Dunham took the essence of Caribbean traditional dance and made it into a performing art. With the growing domination of other forms of entertainment music, Jazz dance evolved on Broadway into the new, smooth style that is taught today and known as Modern Jazz, while tap dance branched off to follow its own, separate evolutionary path. The performance style of Jazz dance was popularized to a large extent by Bob Fosse work, which is exemplified by Broadway shows such as Chicago, Cabaret, Damn Yankees, and The Pajama Game. Modern Jazz dance continues to be an essential element of musical theatre, and it can often be seen in music videos and competitive dance. Jazz Dance Techniques Throughout its history, Jazz dance has developed in parallel to popular music. This pattern of development has resulted in a few elements of movement key to the dance style, the most important being that Jazz is they physical embodiment of the popular music of a given time.An example of this is that during a down time of Jazz dancing from 1945-1954, when big bands and dance halls were declining, the vernacular of the dance followed less Jazz music and leaned more toward rock and roll, creating moves like The Monkey and The Jerk Syncopated rhythm is a common characteristic in Jazz music that was adapted to Jazz dance in the early twentieth c entury and has remained a significant characteristic Isolations are a quality of movement that were introduced to Jazz dance by Katherine Dunham.Improvisation was an important element in early forms of Jazz dance, as it is an important element of Jazz music. A low center of gravity and high level of energy are other important identifying characteristics of Jazz dance. Jazz, tap and musical theatrical dance are cousins. These forms of dance are tied to everyday music, songs and rhythms. Jazz dance involves a range of lively, often sensuous body movement and percussion techniques, with a mix of tap steps, social dances and ballet. New forms of Jazz dance developed with new music, such as the Charleston, swing, rock and roll, and the Caribbean reggae.Other elements of Jazz dance are less moon and are the stabilization of their respective choreographers one such example are the inverted limbs and hunched-over posture of Bob Fosse. Fosse was an American actor, dancer, musical theater choreographer, director, screen- choreography, as well as one for direction. He was nominated for an Academy Award four times, winning for his direction of Cabaret (beating Francis Ford Copula for The Godfather). His third wife, Broadway legend Gwen Verdure, helped to define and perfect his unique and distinct style simply referred to today as Fosse. . Jazz Dance Pioneers and African Americans Katherine Dunham was an anthropologist fascinated by dances of the Caribbean. She researched them and then devised her own style of dance and teaching methods. She went on to dance on Broadway and to form her own school. Her school in New York was very influential in the sass and her technique of pelvic and spine isolations is now a part of almost every Jazz class. Jerome Robbins was the greatest Broadway Jazz choreographer of our time. He dealt with action, humor and adolescent themes in his Broadway musicals and films.He choreographed Fancy Free and Wisest Story among others. His choreography was powerful and appealed to huge audiences. His influence on Broadway is still felt today. Gus Giordano has received many awards for his outstanding lifetime contribution to Jazz dance. He has been involved in all facets of dance: dancer, teacher, choreographer, author, and founder of Gus Giordano Jazz Dance Center in Chicago. Giordano book, Anthology of American Jazz Dance , was the first book of its kind and was instrumental in helping turn the study of Jazz dance into a respectable and important American dance form. Gus has been involved in dance for T. V. , film, stage and commercials. His companys current goals are to seek out talented new choreographers and dancers and highlight their work. Also to educate, as well as create, an awareness of Jazz dance as a true artistic expression of American life, both nationally and internationally. Major Events of Jazz Dance and Jazz Dance Today In 1931, when the New Negro Art Theatre presented a recital which included a suite of interpretive dances based on Southern spirituals, old limitations were defied and a precedent was established. A pioneer black dancer in the interpretive field, Himself Winfield, was the moving spirit behind the program. The suite dealt with an area of black life which had never before been presented through dance on the stage. The subject matter and approach of the dance went beyond the scope of the black dance tradition and in doing so the suite set a precedent for future interpretive presentations of black music and dance. Vaudeville, or the variety show, was initially a European tradition of traveling performers moving from town to town with their skits, songs and dances.In America, this provided opportunity for a range of popular entertainers to thrive, such as Bill Bespangles Robinson a black tap dancer. Show angers Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers blended flowing ballet movements with more abrupt rhythmic movements of Jazz. Concert Jazz dance developed as a revue or series of separate Jazz dance productions. Musical comedy/theatre evolved from variety shows. Themes, story lines and chorus work developed into the musical theatre we know today. Agnes De Mille, who choreographed Oklahoma, elevated the Today, Jazz dance is present in many different forms and venues.

Causes of the Russian Revolution essays

Causes of the Russian Revolution essays The Russian revolution was caused by the continual breakdown of the governments in Russia and the incompetency and authoritarian views of it's czars. Their failures as leaders included policies that neither pleased nor benefitted the people. By the end of the nineteenth century, Russia's economy, government, military, and social organization was at an extreme decline. Russia had become the least advanced of the major European nations in terms of political and social development. There was no parliament, and no middle class. The Church, officers, and other important people and institutions were firmly against social progress. The disastrous defeat of Russia in the Crimean War in 1855 and 1856 exposed weaknesses of Russia's various For the first few decades of the 1800's, Russia's outlook was brighter under Alexander I, who was relatively liberal. He became more reactionary however, and following his death, a group of young army officers tried to overturn the Czardom. This was called the Decembrist Revolt. The next czar, Nicholas, was a die hard authoritarian. The Administrative system continued to decay regardless of his iron fisted rule. The gap between the rich and the poorer continued to widen. Over five hundred peasant revolts took place during his reign. Alexander II, who took the throne in 1855 tried to avert revolt by attempting reform. In 1861 he freed the serfs and gave them expectations of free land allotments. But to their surprise, and anger, they were only given the opportunity to share it as members of a village commune(mir). In addition, the mir had to pay back the government for the land over a period of 49 years with interest. Alexander also formed a series of elected local councils that gave districts restricted jurisdiction of certain aspects of life. He too ...

'The normal course of COPD is punctuated by increasing frequency and Essay

'The normal course of COPD is punctuated by increasing frequency and severity of exacerbations - Essay Example Exacerbation is a serious health condition that could lead to the loss of lung normal functions. (Prince et al., 2004) For this reason, patients that are experiencing exacerbations may be hospitalized and need to go through a long period of recovery. For the purpose of this study, the researcher will determine and discuss the significance of exacerbations of COPD in terms of its effect on the patients and the health care service providers. With regards to the proper management of exacerbations, the researcher will highlight the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for exacerbations. Exacerbations in patients with COPD are usually associated with a major decline in the long-term quality of the patients’ life and their lung functioning. (Donaldson et al., 2002; Seemungal et al., 1998) Although the etiology and mechanisms behind a severe COPD exacerbations are not clear, several studies have shown that infections caused by bacteria (White, Gompertz, Stockley, 2003; Sethi and Murphy, 2001) and virus (Rohde et al., 2003; Seemungal and Wedzicha, 2003) are present during an increase frequency of exacerbations. Exacerbations related to COPD are often associated with the increase in airway inflammation related to eosinophilia (Fujimoto et al., 2005; Zhu et al., 2001), neutrophilic (Aaron et al., 2001; Stockley et al., 2000; Sethi et al., 2000), and neutrophils in bronchial biopsies (Qiu et al., 2003). These factors may contribute to the patient’s dyspnea or difficulty in breathing. In line with this matter, it has been reported that roughly 25% of COPD patients have reported having experienced a profound total body pain. (Lynn et al., 2000) Due to the fact that most of patients with severe COPD may experience exacerbations, some patients may experience anxiety due to their functional limitations and hunger for air. Some

Contemporary Management Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Contemporary Management Issues - Essay Example The company’ s business is a large-scale business accounting almost all of the country’s natural gas supply and for more than 70% of its crude oil productions (Petroleum Development Oman, 2014). In order to perform its operational activity at more than 5,000 producing wells the company employs about 6  000 people and works with more than 35, 000 contractors (Petroleum Development Oman, 2014). Taking into consideration this type of business and the number of people involved, the company has extremely huge social and environmental responsibility for its activity. There are two key objectives of the assignment. The first one is to provide an overview of the theories of business ethics to stakeholders and critical analysis of how Petroleum Development Oman Llc develops and sustains business ethics and how the company conducts business ethics to its stakeholders (including shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, and government). The second objective is to review different elements of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and to provide critical evaluation of the rewards/benefits of CSR obtains the Petroleum Development Oman Llc while implementing CSR. There are many various definitions and interpretations of the term â€Å"business ethics†. One of the most common interpretations is that business ethics or values set the definitions of good and bad, right or wrong in business environment (Payne, & Landry 2006). Further, these definitions become generally accepted standards in the business context (Gavai 2010). Thomas Garrett explains that business ethics is â€Å"concerned primarily with the relationship of business goals and techniques to specific human needs† (cited by Gavai 2010, 4). There are recognized two traditional theories of business ethics: Raiborn and Payne principles and the Kantian analysis (Payne, & Landry 2006). The idea of the

Transformational and Transactional Leadership Essay

Transformational and Transactional Leadership - Essay Example In other words a contingency model is a near approximation of an otherwise intractable continuum which lacks definable contours and a logical conceptual framework of reference. (Antonakis, Cianciolo and Sternberg, 2004).While theoretical constructs underlying the two leadership styles have been presented as a comparative analysis there is very little attention being focused on the qualitative paradigm shift caused by the a priori and a posteriori catalytic changes. Thus the comparative/contrast study is essentially based on these outcomes and the latest calibrations and/or benchmarks enunciated by researchers to establish a conceptual framework for analysis. According to Burns (1978) and Bass (1985) transformational leadership has a set of category constructs such as values, morals, farsightedness, long term goals, principles, acute awareness about the dividing line between causes and symptoms, mission statements, strategic perspectives and human resources. Similarly they identify a set of category constructs in the transactional leadership also. ... Analysis Business organizations operate in their respective environments as determined by organizational structure, culture, leadership, strategic competitive environment and a host of other internal and external influences such as the regulatory framework, PESTEL and SWOT environments. (Gill, 2006). Given the degree of influence under these circumstances, each organization adopts its own leadership style with a view to achieving these organizational goals such as profits, market share growth, higher share prices, quality improvements, brand loyalty, sustainability, benchmarks and so on. These organizational goals can be divided into short term goals and long term goals.Transformational leadership is primarily and immediately concerned with winning the support of those subordinates to achieve predefined organizational goals. (Jones, 2003) While many such objectives are not realized in the short run due to a variety of reasons such as inadequate planning and wrong forecasts about cash flow, s ales revenue and profits, there can be some recovery in the long term. Transformational leader seeks with fervent hope to inculcate a sense of responsibility and pride in achievements among the subordinates while on the other hand transactional leader seeks to inculcate a sense of reciprocity among his subordinates based on realizing mutually beneficial goals such as productivity, performance and target outputs. In return the transaction leader rewards the subordinate with pay, recognition and praise. A critical theoretical perspective that has been developed on this particular aspect looks at the transformational leader's attitude towards hisher subordinates as power-sharing partners whose contribution to the productive process is rewarded with

Milk Adulteration and Its Toxicological Effects

Milk Adulteration and Its Toxicological Effects Introduction Despite the governing the control of quality and sale of milk existing for decades, adulteration of milk could not be checked. With the increase demand of milk, the adulteration of this commodity is on increasing day by day. The problem of adulteration is more during summer and rainy seasons, when milk production in comparatively much less than the winter season. Adulteration of a food article may be defined as making the article impure by the addition of some of the legally prohibited substances into a more valuable product or the subtraction into a more valuable component a product to devalue the latter or the combination of both, with a view to increase the bulk or quality and to increase unlawful, excessive profit through sale of such a food. Ever since the system of organized milk collection was introduced in this country, the quality of milk received by our dairy industry has not been improved. The adulteration is carried out through a number of fraudulent practices, which not only lower down the nutritional value but makes it unfit for human consumption with toxic effects. The adulterated milk also leads to the production of standard dairy products resulting in economic losses. The practice of adulteration has become extensive due to existing conditions of production and handling of milk. Various no. of tests determine the nature and extent of adulteration of milk and even adulterants. The purchasing power of many consumers in our country is very low. Consequently such consumers often go for the lower price of milk, even knowing about the poorer quality of the same. Such attitude of the consumers makes adulteration of milk possible to a greater extent. [1] Types of adulteration The commonly used adulterants are Addition of water. Addition of separated milk. Addition of thickening agents when milk id watered it becomes deficient in density and also viscosity which may be restored by addition of substances like gelatin, cane sugar, starch, glucose. Partial skimming. Addition of coloring matter to restore color lost by skimming or diluting or to make naturally poor looking to appear rich. Unusual adulterants-of late, due to more wide spread use of fertilizers by farmers in India, who are also the primary milk producers, a few new types of adulterants like urea, ammonium sulphate etc. have come up. [2] MILK ITS COMPOSITION Milk is an emulsion or colloid of butterfat globules with in a water based fluid that contains dissolved carbohydrates and protein aggregates with minerals. Milk is the secretion, practically free from colostrum, obtained by the milking of healthy udder.it represents one of the sources of essential amino acids for human nutrition. These nutritional attributes of milk have long made it a mainstay particularly in the diet of growing children. There are estimated to be the 8 to 10 thousand milk products made of milk available in world thus making it exceptionally versatile raw product. Milk is composed of water, fat, protein, lactose, and minerals. The concentration of these products varies between cows and breeds. Total milk solid refers specifically to fat, protein, lactose and minerals. This is to be differentiated from SNF (solid not fat), a frequently used term which describes the total solid contents minus fat. The nutritional as well as economic value depends upon its solid contents. The higher the solid content the greater the milk product yields. Cheese yield are directly relayed to milk casein content. Milk contains dozens of other types of proteins beside the caseins including enzymes. These other proteins are more water-soluble than the caseins and do not form larger structures. Because the proteins remain suspended in the whey left behind when the caseins coagulate into curds, they are collectively known as whey proteins. Calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, citrate, and chlorine are all included as minerals and they typically occur at concentration of 5–40 mm. [3] Composition off milk Water 84-90% Fat 2-6% Protein 3-4% Lactose 4-5% Ash .1% NEED FOR PROCESSING OF MILK A multitude of events takes place in the process of delivering milk from the farm to the dinner table and all are designed to provide the consumer with wholesome, nutritious and safe products. The production of quality milk and milk products are begins in the farms and continuous through further handling, processing and distribution. Milk processing has two primary objectives: Destruction of human pathogens through pasteurization. Keeping the quality and shelf life of the products without significant loss of flavor, appearance, physical and nutritive properties. Milk processing and plant procedure seeks to: Prevent further bacterial contamination of raw material. Reduce bacterial numbers in milk. Protect the finished products from recontamination through careful handling, proper packing and storage. Pasteurization is the means whereby raw milk is rendered safe for human consumption. It is the process of heating milk to a sufficient temperature for a sufficient length of time to make it free from pathogens, and spoilage bacteria. [4] TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ADULTERANTS FORMALIN Formalin is added in milk to preserve it for longer period. Formalin is very toxic. Many cases of biological mutation and reproduction complication have been noted. On toxicity it causes tumors formalin causes CNS disorders and also irritates nose, throat and lungs. When taken in high dose it cause cancer and may lead to coma. UREA Urea is generally added in the preparation of synthetic milk to raise the SNF value. Potential symptoms are burning sensation in throat and chest; cough, dyspnea, exercise-induced asthma (one case); redness, in eyes and skin, headache; nausea, vomiting, lung damage-fibrosis, inflammation (HE11). Affected organs are respiratory system, skin, eyes, it has also used medically as an abortifacient and a skin moisturizer. AMMONIUM SULPHATE The presence of ammonium sulphate increases the lactometer reading. The product has low toxicity. However, the following points should be noted. On skin contact prolonged contact may cause some irritation. On eye contact it may cause irritation. On ingestion small quantities are unlikely to cause toxic effect and large quantities give rise to gastro-intestinal disorders. On inhalation high dust concentration of air-borne material may cause irritation of the nose and upper respiratory tract with symptoms such as sore throat and coughing. Inhalation of some decomposition gases may cause irritation and corrosive effects on the respiratory system. Some lungs effect may be delayed. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Milk is treated with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06 % of H2O2), along with control sample (untreated sample), for the purpose to activate Lacto peroxidase system, which destroy the bacterial population by its antibacterial effect. Lacto peroxidase (LP) system is naturally present in raw milk that prevents the bacterial multiplication due to its bacteriostatic effect. By activating the LP-system, shelf life of milk can be increased for 8 to 12 hours. Lacto peroxidase (LP) system consists of three components; LP, thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide. And it is active only when all of three components are present. Lacto peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxides and generates an intermediate product with antibacterial properties. These products have a broad range of antimicrobial effects against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Objectives Raw milk preservation by use of H2O2 is done for many important purposes like; To enhance the shelf life of milk for consumption without microbial contamination. To minimize the processing cost by heating the milk. Side Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide Eye exposure to dilute hydrogen peroxide may cause extreme irritation and pain, but is unlikely to cause permanent damage. Enemas of dilute hydrogen peroxide have been reported to cause serious gastrointestinal side effects. Skin contact with concentrated hydrogen peroxide can cause severe burns and even gangrene. An overuse of H2O2 can cause damage to DNA cells, and prevent them from replicating, hence leading to premature aging. The use of hydrogen peroxide can cause your skin to dry out or rather drains away the moisture content in skin, which is required to keep your skin looking young and supple. Vitiligo is a disease that is marked by the loss of skin pigment, which affects a lot of people. Studies show that it is due to the high levels of hydrogen peroxide in the blood and epidermis. It can cause irritation in gums and teeth, since H2O2 is a highly reactive compound. Hydrogen peroxide being highly reactive can easily pass through your tooths enamel and react with the dentin and pulp part of your tooth. Throat soreness is another common side effect of hydrogen peroxide. [5] SUGAR The common sugar present in milk is lactose. The fat content of the milk is more compared to the protein content. Table sugar like sucrose is added to the milk to increase the carbohydrate content of the milk and thus the density of milk will be increased. So the milk can now be adulterated with water and it will not be detected during the lactometer test. Ketose sugar will react with the resorcinol to give a red colored precipitate, indicating the presence of Table sugar in milk. SIDE EFFECTS OF SUGAR Sugar can suppress your immune system. Sugar eaten during pregnancy and lactation can influence muscle force production in offspring, which can affect an individual’s ability to exercise. Sugar can elevate glucose and insulin responses and return them to fasting levels slower in oral contraceptive users. Sugar can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cells and tissues. Sugar can cause hyperactivity, anxiety, inability to concentrate and crankiness in children. Sugar can produce a significant rise in triglycerides. Sugar causes a decline in tissue elasticity and function – the more sugar you eat, the more elasticity and function you lose. Sugar reduces high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Sugar can lead to ovarian cancer. Sugar can increase fasting levels of glucose. Sugar causes copper deficiency. Sugar can make tendons more brittle. Sugar can increase the levels of glucose in the blood much higher than complex carbohydrates in a glucose tolerance test can. Sugar can cause two blood proteins – albumin and lipoproteins – to function less effectively, which may reduce the body’s ability to handle fat and cholesterol. Sugar can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. Sugar can cause platelet adhesiveness, which causes blood clots. Sugar can cause hormonal imbalance – some hormones become underactive and others become overactive. Sugar can cause free radicals and oxidative stress. Sugar increases the concentration of bile acids in stool and bacterial enzymes in the colon, which can modify bile to produce cancer-causing compounds and colon cancer. Sugar combines with and destroys phosphatase, a digestive enzyme, which makes digestion more difficult and can aggravate premenstrual syndrome (PMS).[6] Salt Addition of salt in milk is mainly restored with the aim of increasing the corrected lactometer reading. All four cationic electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium) are available in unrefined salt, as are other vital minerals needed for optimal bodily function. Too much or too little salt in the diet can lead to muscle cramps, dizziness, or even an electrolyte disturbance, which can cause neurological problems. Excess salt consumption has been linked to: Exercise – induced asthma. Heartburn. Osteoporosis. Gastric cancer is associated with high level of sodium. Hypertension. Left ventricular hypertrophy (cardiac enlargement). Duodenal ulcer. [7] Vegetable Fat Milk fat is the natural source of variable variety of fatty acids diversified in nature. It is separated to make the cream and sold at high prices. People separate the cream from the milk and add vegetable fat into the milk and then sell it after homogenization. Vegetable fat is unsaturated and it gets oxidized and becomes rancid when exposed to air so become hepato-toxic and may cause liver cirrhosis. Small milk globules become rancid when oil and vegetable fat is being added and interesting thing is that color and consistency of the milk remains normal. [8] Starch Milk contains relatively large amount of fat. Addition of carbohydrate to milk increases its solid content. There by reducing the amount of fat present in the milk. Starch is one such component that is added to adulterate milk. The test to detect starch in milk uses iodine solution, addition of which turns the milk solution to blue black color due to the formation of starch Iodo complex, in the presence of starch. Potential symptoms are irritation of eyes, skin, mucous, membranes, rhinorrhea, cough, chest pain, dermatitis. Soap Soap is added to milk to increase the foaming of milk and thus to have thick milk. Addition of such chemicals will cause health problem especially related to stomach and kidneys. Soap can be detected by adding phenolphthalein indicator to the adulterated milk. A pink color will be observed if soap is present as the alkali will be neutralized by the acidity of the milk when phenolphthalein indicator is added. [9] Neutralizers The new Neutralizers Test manufactured by Astori Tecnica allows the immediate colorimetric determination of the presence of added neutralizers (such as NaOH, KOH, carbonates, bicarbonates, ammonia, various alkalis, etc.) in milk or cream. These prohibited substances may be added to fresh or badly preserved milk with the tricky purpose to correct its pH and acidity values to optimal ones, and so pretend the milk is freshly milked or perfectly preserved. [10] REFERENCES Research Can Lead To Longer Shelf Life For Dairy Products (http: //www.sciencedaily.com/releases /2002/12/021223084204.htm).Sciencedaily.com. 2002-12-23. Retrieved 2010-08-28. Detect Adulteration in Milk: Empowering Consumers to Test Themselves (http://cgsiindia.org/2013/05/detectadulteration-in-milk-empoweringconsumers-to-test-themselves/). Henriksen J, (2009) â€Å"Milk for Health and Wealth. (ftp: //ftp. fao. org/doc rep/fao/011/i 0521e/i 0521e00.pdf) FA O Di versification Booklet Series 6, Rome. Schultz, Madeline (April 2012) fluid milk profile (http: //www. agmrc.org/commodities products/lives tock/dairy/fluid-milk-profile/). Iowa State University. T. Matsuoka (2004). Detection of adulterants in milk using near infrared spectroscopy. J. Food Sci. Tech. 41(3): 313-316. Borin, A., M. F. Ferrao, C. Mello, D. A. Maretto and R. J. Poppi (2006). Least-squares support vector machines and near infrared spectroscopy for quantification of common adulterants in powdered milk. Analytica Chimica Acta. 579:25-32. Tipu, M. S., I. Altaf, M. Ashfaq, S. Siddique (2007). Monitoring of chemical adulterants and hygienic status of market milk. Handbook published by Quality Control Laboratory, Lahore, Pakistan. pp.: 7. Jha, S. N. And T. Matsuoka (2004). Detection of adulterants in milk using near infrared spectroscopy. J. Food Sci. Tech. 41(3): 313-316. Sengar, M. S. (2007). Milk adulteration on rise in Agra. Friday, November, 07, India. Accessed from www.google.com. Anonymous, (2012). Introduction to dairy science and technology: milk history, consumption, production, and composition. International Dairy Federation, Bulletin 423/2007. Accessed from: http://www.foodsci. cuoguelph. ca/dairyedu/intro.html.

Responces To Hunger :: essays research papers

Although hunger and starvation are prevalent in our nation, Americans have turned their backs to this problem. We have turned our backs because we have been conditioned and desensitized by the media, to the issue of hunger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classical conditioning is “the process by which a stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response.'; Classical conditioning is like the famous case of Pavlov’s dogs that we learned about in Psychology 101: The dogs learn to associate the ringing of the bell with food, and, once conditioned, the dogs could not hear the bell without salivating.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Japanese were masters at using classical conditioning with their solders. Early in World War II, Chinese prisoners were placed in a ditch on their knees with their hands bound behind them. And one by one, a select few Japanese soldiers would go into the ditch and bayonet “their'; prisoners to death. Up on the bank, countless other young soldiers would cheer them on in their violence. Comparatively few soldiers actually killed in these situations, but by making the others watch and cheer, the Japanese were able to use these kinds of atrocities to classically condition a very large audience to associate pleasure with human death and suffering. Immediately afterwards, the soldiers who had been spectators were treated to sake, the best meal they had in months, and so-called comfort girls. The result? They learned to associate committing violent acts with pleasure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are also some clear-cut examples of classical conditioning established by the media today. Our culture watches vivid pictures of human suffering and death, and we learn to associate it with our favorite soft drink and candy bar, or our girlfriend’s/boyfriend’s perfume/cologne. This occurs at the movies or even at home watching TV we laugh and cheer and keep right on eating popcorn and drinking pop while in front of us are images of death. We are in a generation where we have learned to associate the media with pleasure. So it is no surprise that when we view starving people in the world we are not startled, or very upset by the images displayed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Operant conditioning is the process by which a response becomes more or less likely to occur, depending on its consequence. Children, of course cry for many valid reasons; pain, discomfort, fear, illness, fatigue and their cries deserve an adult’s sympathy and attention.

Midterm report ISTD Essay

This project is designed to make an in-depth study and critical analysis of HR aspects in MedTek.Net India Pvt Ltd. At this point in the project, it reports about the progress we made in analyzing theR training aspects and the progress it made towards its goals; describe obstacles (both internal& external) faced; detail work accomplished and actions to be taken in the future. During the process of project, we got to know and notice lot many interesting facts and points which are really important for the growth and success of the organization. It gave an opportunity for the HR department to  audit the entire HRD aspects of the organization there by adding more value to way we operate. At the end of this project, all parties of the organization; Management, employees, HR department are eager to know more about the findings and improvements that we can make to the organization from the HRD prospect which can bring an edge to the company when compared to our competitors in the market. Below pages of this report offers a brief description about the analysis and work we have done so far in this project. Introduction: Within every organization, there is a need to manage learning in accordance with business requirements. A systematic approach in training and development always adds an edge to the performance of the organization in all means. Objective: Objective of this project is to do complete analysis on the below training aspects, their performance impact and recommendations for betterment of the organization. a) Human Resource Planning, Training Policy, Training Budget. b) Training Needs Assessment System. c) Training & other Development Programmes and their evaluation. d) Strategies for improving HRD activities in the Organization. With our analysis, findings & recommendations, our attempt is to provide viable propositions for betterment in the applicable areas of organization. In this process, we have collected all recorded data like policies, questionnaires, processes followed etc and live data like interviews and one on one discussion with various employees of different departments and external data like market scenario, industry analysis etc. Project Design: We have designed the project in to four phases. 1. Collecting basic data and information related to all training aspects. 2.  Analyzing data, processes and drawing findings for their evaluation procedure. 3. Evaluating the information and processes of various data analyzed. 4. Recommending strategies for the improvement of HRD activities with the help of above in the organization. For any company, training and development is an important aspect which boosts continuous growth and success to the business. We have considered all external and internal components of the existing performance of the organization with respect to the targeted objectives set. Some of the components include absenteeism, work hours of the employee’s w.r.t their performance, performance of the software (IPAS – Integrated Performance Appraisal System) which was initiated recently, employee hiring and job enrichment strategies used for retaining the existing employees, HRD activities practiced for long term growth of the organization etc. Project Implementation We started implementing the project by collating data available from all sources. Simultaneously we started working with people as well by circulating questionnaires and by conducting one on one discussion. Below explanation will give us a brief of what we have studied and analyzed in this process with the help of both data and people. HRD System: Human Resource Planning, Training Policy, Training Budget. Human Resource Planning At MedTek.Net we measure the growth of business by the no of minutes and reports we process per year. Therefore our target of business growth lies in the same and accordingly we plan for resources to recruit per year, it includes both fresher’s and experienced resources. MedTek HR planning for the period of 2012-2013 is focused on the below points to achieve during this time. Below points are analyzed after a detailed discussion with people in the company and after going through the information/data which is all available. 1. Work closely with management to reinforce the need for competitive compensation for individuals MedTek wishes to attract and retain. 2. Invest  in professional development programs to improve leadership capabilities, job skills, and employee productivity. 3. Identifying and attracting right talent at campus level thereby training and employing them in the organization accordingly. 4. Develop comprehensive career management tools, job enrichment strategies, and mentoring programs to help employees prepare for new opportunities. 5. Leverage technology to streamline HR service processes and improve access to employee information. 6. Conduct regular organizational climate assessments and collaborate with senior managers to improve the campus work climate. Review of training policy & budget: As MedTek.Net is a mid sized company they do not really have a fixed annual budget for training. The budget varies as per the requirement and situation of the company although getting approved prior by management. But, with in the limitation HR department tried to encompass the training programs which align the company’s goals and objectives of employee development. Some of the cost effective measures which got imparted in the training budget are: 1. Finding trainers with in the organization wherever it is necessary and possible. 2. Imparting self learning techniques for the employees which not only reduces costs but also helps employees to work on their skills by focusing on their weaknesses and strengths. 3. Encouraging the technique of cross-train employees at work place. This technique really worked at MedTek as employees showed great interest to share their knowledge. It is happening in this way; 2nd level employees train 1st level employees and 2nd level employees will g et trained by their above level i.e. 3rd level employees and vice-versa. Keeping in view of budget constraints and business requirements training policy of Medtek for the year 2012-13 aims to ensure that 1. All new members of staff receive an induction training programme that achieves the common company induction standards. 2. Company invests in training that helps to meet its goals of providing a quality service, which are achieved by increasing the knowledge and skills and competencies of its staff to meet the needs of quality service standards set. 3. All staff has  an annual appraisal which, amongst other matters, reviews all training undertaken and sets goals for the coming year based on the individual training needs assessment. 4. All staff are provided with an annual personal training file, which they will keep. In the file they include details of all training sessions that they attend. The file should also contain a personal development plan filled in at the same time as the appraisal. The personal development plan contains details of any training opportunities that the member of staff seeks to pursue during the year. At MedTek, Training policy and Training budget got framed by keeping in view of companies annual HR planning and business growth. Keeping in view of companies strengths and weaknesses these three components got designed and in the continuous process slight deviation(more or less) is always there to align with industry and market changes and requirements. Analysis on Training needs Identification and Assessment process: Up on detailed analysis and review Training Identification & Assessment process at MedTek usually happens by following the below steps: 1. Data Gathering: One on One discussion with Managers/ Supervisors/ employees, performance Mgmt software, knowledge/ skill test to the employees, questionnaires etc. 2. Post assessing the need, HR department designs a module defining the purpose of the need, target group, resource person and the deliverables. 3. Defining the deliverables and methodology to measure the deliverables are very critical while identifying the need. 4. Training Need Validation: After identifying the list of training needs, the same will be listed and discussed with functional heads of all departments. During this exercise, the relevance of each training need with the forthcoming financial year and the business requirement to be validated. 5. Training Need Prioritization: The training needs identified will be then categorized as high impact and low impact / high cost and low cost. 6. The deliverables of the training needs which may likely to create High Impact on the business with Low Cost will be given fir st priority. The training needs with High Impact and High Cost will be given 2nd Priority and the training needs with Low Impact and Low Cost will be given 3rd Priority. Review and analysis of 2012-2013 annual Training programs planned & conducted: The training programs conducted on continuous basis for the year 2012-2013 at MedTek.Net are mentioned as below: 1. Induction for new joinees- Technical Training, Behavioral Training, HR induction. 2. Technical Training – To all employees designation wise for knowledge and skill improvement. 3. Management Development Sessions – Workshops for the existing managers and potential employees who are identified for promotions. 4. Soft skills and Personality Development Training programs – For the identified team members of different departments. 5. Sponsoring some training workshops for the identified team members which were conducted outside the company premises. T&D activities which left impact towards improvement & development of both the parties i.e. employees & the organization. Employees: Entry Level: Employees at entry level got highly benefited with induction training program as it includes both soft skills, technical and company policies related training. The best part of this training is each employee after training session will be associated with one senior employee as their mentor for 1 month and on-the job assistance/training will be given to them till they get accommodated with the work life at MedTek. It is the responsibility of the mentor to make the new employee comfortable and feedback from the new employee at the end of the mentorship will be taken and will be added to the performance points of the senior employee. This process got succeeded and is yielding some great results so far. Mid Level: Technical Training and personality development programs are popular in this segment of employees at MedTek. Providing mentorship to new employees is also popular as it inculcates self learning process and adds performance points. Proof Readers and Quality Controllers generally comes in to the segment of mid level employees at MedTek. They need high technical knowledge  and skill as they are responsible for the final delivery of report to the clients. Therefore self learning technique and technical training plays a great role for their knowledge and skill improvement. Supervisors and Managers: Management Development sessions which got conducted at both indoor and outdoor left a visible impact in their skill development. In the company where stress and pressure rules, these sessions helped a lot for the managers and supervisors to handle the team members and stress. Organization: As an organization MedTek is able to see advantages in various ways as below: Performance of new recruits got improved and are delivering their full capacity of performance. Quality standard got improved and are getting some good satisfaction mails from the clients about the quality and TAT (Turn Around Time). Management sessions helped the organization to polish and train the employees who are identified to elevate for the next level mgmt positions at different levels. Overall on a note of conclusion, training programs which got implemented are able to deliver clear return on investment for both employees and organization. The success rate is clearly visible and is encouraging for both HR department and management to continue the training programs in a more effective manner for the growth of organization Analysis of T&D evaluation techniques up on which the organization is relying in terms of measuring the outcomes of the T & D programs implemented & planned. At MedTek, training evaluation is done keeping in view of five main elements as mentioned below: Satisfaction and participant reaction, with the help of questionnaires and random one on one discussion. MedTek, also has internal portal where the participants can post their feedback wrt training sessions attended. Knowledge acquisition- This can be evaluated by the scores they get in the technical tests which are conducted very often in the office premises.  Behavioral application – This can be observed eventually and often immediate supervisors or mentors are responsible for recording any change in their behavioral aspects during the course of time. Return on investment (ROI) – Each individual performance in terms of increase in number of minutes they process can be considered to evaluate ROI. Measurable business improvement – Improvement in all four parameters collectively contribute towards business improvement. Keeping in view of the above five elements, below mentioned evaluation techniques are often used at MedTek. 1. Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model. 2. Robert O Brinkerhoff- The Success Case method 3. The IPO model (Input, Process, Output) 4. Jack Philips Return On Investment HR department pick a combination of one or two from the above models for evaluation process and the evaluation process happen in 3 phases; Pre Training, During the training and Post Training. Results of training evaluation are submitted to senior management and some points of evaluation are accessible to employees as well through portal. Project outputs Management of MedTek.Net is very keen about this project as it gives an opportunity to analyze the entire process of T & D processes we have been conducting every year. It gave an opportunity to observe, compare and study T&D processes and systems other competitors are practicing in the industry. Below are few outputs so far turned up in the project. 1. Because of budget constraints they have challenges in hiring the no’s they require and this could effect the effective HR planning. HR department need to come up with some new strategies to fulfill the requirement of manpower with in the budget. MedTeK HR department was able to succeed so far but, in order to survive for long term they have to plan some strong strategies which can help them for some good no of years. 2. Employees at MedTek are happy with the training programs going on in the company when compared to some of the fellow companies from the same industry. 3. The challenge for both  employees and HR dept is volume fluctuation. The amount of work that they get on any day is often fluctuating and this could really affect the training schedules planned. For HR dept it is a challenging task, as they need to make the employees still connect with the training programs and need to constantly motivate them on this regard. 4. Management wants cost effective hiring or less hiring with out increasing operational costs but operations team demands more head count. 5. So far during the project, we have observed that support departments of the organization like Finance & Accounts, Admin, IT help desk are not getting their fair share of training as the always got mobbed up with work and they are the most stressed out team members in the organization. 6. Post evaluation after evaluating employees performance periodically it is really becoming tough for the HR department to plan for successive training programs for the employees those who are in need of because of the tight work schedules. 7. Time and money are the game pla yers at MedTek when it comes to T&D activities. Both management and employees see the value addition of T&D activities but they want it to be done with in the time frame and budget so that these activities would not affect work and budget stretch. Key Issues addressed 1. As we have observed above both management and employees shows interest towards T&D activities but with in the time frame and budget. On this regard, HR department had a discussion with Management about the long term benefits of T&D activities and tried to enlighten them how and what kind of remarkable changes it can bring to the improvement of business in a more effective manner. 2. HR department also highlighted the importance of hiring few more team members for support teams like Accounts & Finance, admin, IT helpdesk etc and advantages of training them in them which can bring a spearhead change in the way they are operating so far. 3. As it is emergency the temporary or time being strategy for hiring after discussing with managers and senior level mgmt, HR dept gave the options as below. a. Providing more work from home options there by reducing operational costs and paying salary as per the performance i.e. no of minutes processed per month by a resource. b. Recruiting and training fresher’s and making them  ready by the time projects comes in as per the business forecast (In health care industry fresher’s usually get paid only after completing the training). c. Encouraging and motivating existing employees for processing more no of minutes and paying incentives for the extra minutes they process. 4. But, for many concerns at MedTek, hiring more team members is the single answer. But considering the concerns of budget, market conditions and business growth plans, MedTek has to consider the plan of hiring in slow pace (for experienced) and hiring fresher’s at good number and making them job ready with in the short period which really cuts the budget to a greater extent. Impact of the Project 1. The project did really give us enough reason to actually audit entire HRD aspects of the organization which we delayed because of some noted business reasons. 2. It throws light on many aspects which we need to work on for the betterment of both organization and employees success. 3. We are able to clearly figure out the strengths and weaknesses from HR point of view and started working on them in no time. Future Direction of the project We are in the final & crucial phase of completing this project. It will take couple of weeks to draw the final and more detailed analysis of the entire work we have done so far during this project tenure. We are left with Section D analysis which has been carrying out simultaneously and will be finished at the earliest. With the support of my guide we can submit the final version by the 3rd week of October.

How to Use the French Expression Pas de Problème

How to Use the French Expression Pas de Problà ¨me The French expression  pas de problà ¨me  (pronounced pa-deu-pruh-blem) is one that youll hear in any laid-back conversation. Literally translated, the phrase means not any problem, but any English speaker will recognize it as no problem or no worries. Its a handy phrase to know and considered  acceptable etiquette in informal speech as a means of apologizing or acknowledging an apology, as well as putting someone at ease after a gaffe. The formal version of this phrase,  il ny a pas de problà ¨me, is also acceptable in any situation. Examples Excuse-moi pour mon impatience.   Im sorry for my impatience.Pas de problà ¨me.   No problem, dont worry about it. Cest pas vrai ! Jai oublià © mon portefeuille. Oh no, I forget my wallet.Pas de problà ¨me, je tinvite.   No problem, its my treat. You can also use pas de problà ¨me to ask whether theres an issue regarding something specific: Question argent / travail, tu nas pas de problà ¨me?   Are you OK for money/work? Question temps, on na pas de problà ¨me  ?  Are we OK for time? Related Expressions Cela ne me / nous / lui pose pas de problà ¨me.   Thats no problem for me / us / him.Il / Elle na pas de problà ¨me de compte en banque  !   He / She is laughing all the way to the bank!Pas de problà ¨me, cest sur mon chemin.  Ã‚   No problem, its on my way.Pas de problà ¨me! No trouble at all!Les assurances vont tout rembourser,  pas de probleme.   The policy will cover it. Thats  not a problem.  Tu sais, si je dois partir demain, je pense que ca ne poserait  pas de probleme.   You know, if it all ended tomorrow, I think Id  be okay.Si à §a ne vous fait rien. -  Pas de problà ¨me.  Ã‚  If you dont mind. -  Fine. Synonymous Expressions Ça va. Its okCe nest pas grave. No problem. (literally, its not serious)Cela ne fait / prà ©sente aucune difficultà © Its ok.Il ny a aucun mal.  Ã‚  No harm done.Tout va bien. Its ok. (literally, everything is going well)(informal)   laise!   No prob! (literally, easily)(informal) Pas de souci.  Ã‚  No worries.(informal) Y a pas de là ©zard!  Ã‚  No prob! (literally, theres no lizard)(formal) Qu cela ne tienne. That is not a problem. (literally, upon that may it not depend)